Waterborne pharmaceutical uptake and toxicity is modified by pH and dissolved organic carbon in zebrafish

Aquatic Toxicology
Derek Alsop, Joanna Y Wilson

Abstract

Human and veterinary pharmaceuticals have been observed in natural aquatic environments around the world, and many have been shown to impact fish health. Presently, we examined the influence of pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and Na+ or Ca2+ on the bioavailability and toxicity of waterborne pharmaceuticals in larval zebrafish. Drugs included sertraline (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor; SSRI), fluoxetine (SSRI), diclofenac (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug) and ethinyl estradiol (estrogen; EE2). The 96 h-LC50s for sertraline, fluoxetine and diclofenac were influenced by pH over an environmentally relevant range (pH 5.8-8.2). Toxicity was related to the predicted concentration of non-ionized compounds, which more readily cross cell membranes than ionized compounds. For example, sertraline was 4.1-fold more toxic (as measured by 96 h-LC50s) at pH 8.2 compared to pH 5.8, while the predicted amount of non-ionized sertraline was also greater at pH 8.2 (based on previously reported pKa values). Experiments with radiolabelled drugs demonstrated that sertraline uptake was also 5.4-fold higher at pH 8.2 compared to pH 5.8. Terrigenous and autochthonous DOC samples (as low as 1 mg/L) protected against sertraline uptake and to...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 1, 2019·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Beate I EscherThomas F Parkerton
Mar 9, 2021·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·Elisabeth Dohmann ChangNic R Bury
Mar 8, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Jessica R DeereTiffany M Wolf
Mar 17, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Elisabeth Dohmann ChangNic R Bury
May 5, 2021·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·João Paulo S PinheiroCharles R Tyler
Jun 6, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Simone RizzutoLuca Nizzetto

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