Watershed infarcts in the fetal and neonatal brainstem. An aetiology of central hypoventilation, dysphagia, Möibius syndrome and micrognathia

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
Harvey B Sarnat

Abstract

Watershed zone infarcts of the human cerebral cortex at the overlapping junctions of the anterior and middle cerebral arterial territories are well known. Another watershed zone exists in the brainstem tegmentum, between the terminal perfusion zones of the paramedian penetrating and long circumferential arteries, which are paired segmental vessels arising from the basilar artery. The vertebrobasilar circulation achieves its mature configuration and caudorostral flow by 9 weeks gestation. Systemic hypotension and other conditions of reduced basilar perfusion in the fetus, either early or late in gestation, may result in symmetrical longitudinal columns of infarction in the midbrain and tegmentum of the pons and medulla oblongata and laminar necrosis of the midbrain tectum. Within this zone are cranial nerve nuclei III-XII, the nucleus and tractus solitarius or central pneumotaxic center, as well as the nucleus ambiguus and other somatic motor nuclei that subserve muscles of swallowing, mastication and tongue movement. Watershed infarcts in the human fetal and neonatal brainstem are clinically expressed as multiple cranial neuropathies, failure of central respiratory drive and apnea, dysphagia and aspiration, Möbius syndrome and ...Continue Reading

References

Aug 7, 1975·Neuroradiology·A A Chambers, R Lukin
Oct 1, 1992·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·I KatoT Yoshimoto
Jul 1, 1992·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·J J Filiano, H C Kinney
Jun 1, 1991·Journal of Medical Genetics·J J SleeD L Viljoen
Jul 1, 1991·Journal of Neurosurgery·R S ZimmermanR W Hargraves
Feb 1, 1990·Journal of Medical Genetics·D Kumar
Jun 1, 1990·Pediatric Research·C E WilliamsP D Gluckman
May 1, 1989·Pediatric Neurology·M J Painter
Apr 1, 1989·The International Journal of Neuroscience·G D RosenA M Galaburda
Jan 1, 1986·Journal of Child Neurology·D Goldblatt, D Williams
Jan 1, 1988·Annals of Neurology·E H RolandA J MacNab
Dec 1, 1993·Neuropediatrics·H HamaguchiK Hiura
Jul 1, 1993·Journal of Child Neurology·O F D'CruzR J Konkol
Jul 1, 1996·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·S C Cortez, H C Kinney
Apr 1, 1997·Journal of Child Neurology·W D Graf, T H Shepard
Apr 1, 1997·Pediatric Neurology·M IgarashiS A Storgion
Dec 31, 1997·Pediatrics·R C Vannucci, J M Perlman
Mar 13, 1998·Respiration Physiology·I A DreshajR J Martin
Aug 26, 1998·The Journal of Physiology·W WangG B Richerson
Sep 12, 1998·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·D L AbramsonJ B Mulliken
Feb 18, 1999·Pediatric Research·K A WatersA Côté
Sep 7, 1999·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·M T Miller, K Strömland
Mar 1, 2000·Journal of Child Neurology·H B Sarnat, J H Menkes
May 5, 2000·Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology·K Brown
Nov 30, 2000·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·R H Rhodes, H R Wightman
May 23, 2001·Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology·M JohanssonC Gillberg
May 30, 2001·Pediatric Neurology·D PelegJ A Widness

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 4, 2009·European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry·Wolfgang BriegelK Otfried Schwab
Oct 23, 2010·The Cerebellum·Gulcin BenbirCengiz Yalcinkaya
Aug 19, 2010·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth·Seiichi MorokumaNorio Wake
Dec 18, 2013·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Woody R McGinnisStephen M Edelson
Jun 22, 2014·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·F D JacobH El Hakim
Jan 18, 2014·Acta neurologica Belgica·Dimitri RenardAnne Le Floch
Apr 17, 2010·AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology·C C QuattrocchiG Fariello
Dec 5, 2012·Reproductive Toxicology·Catherine VauzelleElisabeth Elefant
Jun 5, 2012·European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society·Miriam Martinez-BiargeFrances M Cowan
Mar 23, 2010·Pediatric Neurology·Hector BoixManuel Roig-Quilis
Oct 24, 2007·Pediatric Neurology·Franklin G MoserJohn H Menkes
Sep 30, 2006·Brain & Development·Tohru OkanishiKousaku Ohno
Oct 26, 2005·Pediatric Neurology·Antonio ChiarettiLuigi Aloe
Apr 20, 2005·Journal of AAPOS : the Official Publication of the American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus·Olga VillanuevaScott R Lambert
Jul 14, 2010·Research in Developmental Disabilities·Wolfgang BriegelInge Kamp-Becker
Sep 4, 2016·Pediatric Neurology·Harvey B Sarnat, Laura Flores-Sarnat
Oct 13, 2014·Pediatric Neurology·Kiyoshi MatsuiNoriko Aida
Aug 11, 2018·Human Brain Mapping·Susanne G MuellerAlica M Goldman
Oct 5, 2017·Revista paulista de pediatria : orgão oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo·José ColletiWerther Brunow de Carvalho
Mar 5, 2015·Muscle & Nerve·Francis RenaultMarie-Paule Vazquez
Aug 2, 2006·Clinical Genetics·W Briegel
Oct 22, 2008·Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey·Lourens R PistoriusDaniela Prayer
Mar 16, 2006·Current Opinion in Neurology·John M Keogh, Nadia Badawi
May 8, 2013·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : the Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics·Dimitrios I ZafeiriouEuthymia Vargiami
Jan 9, 2015·The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery·Ersoy KonaşGökhan Tunçbilek
Apr 15, 2017·Case Reports in Dentistry·Marisabel MagnificoMauro Gandolfini
May 15, 2018·Case Reports in Neurological Medicine·Keithan SivakumarHussam A Yacoub
Apr 6, 2019·AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology·D A HerreraM Castillo
Dec 22, 2015·Journal of Neuroimaging : Official Journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging·Adnan I QureshiThomas Kohl
Dec 21, 2018·BMJ Case Reports·Samantha Roshani De SilvaDarius Hildebrand
Nov 24, 2020·Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association·Siddhartha Sean SarkarSubrata Sarkar
Apr 14, 2005·Anales de pediatría : publicación oficial de la Asociación Española de Pediatría (A.E.P.)·M Roig Quilis
Aug 21, 2021·Pediatric Neurology·Harvey B Sarnat
Dec 1, 2008·Sleep Medicine Clinics·Hiren Muzumdar, Raanan Arens

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.