WE-G-211-03: Development of Ultrasound Imaging Equipment

Medical Physics
J Zagzebski

Abstract

One of the earliest man-made ultrasound images of the human body was produced by Dussik in 1941, when he attempted to image the brain using a through transmission technique. These early images were later judged to be artifacts related to sound wave transmission through skull bone. Pulse-echo examination of the body started in the late 1940's following developments of sonar, radar, and ultrasound flaw detectors. Ludwig and colleagues measured speeds of sound in tissues, publishing the value 1540 m/s for many tissue paths, a figure still used today. Among the pioneering pulse- echo imaging teams in the USA were Wild and Reid who developed real time imaging of the breast in the early 1950's, and Howry and Bliss, who were able to generate detailed anatomical pictures of the neck by employing water bath scanners. Many other groups, including from Japan, Australia, and Europe were pursuing both A-scope and B-scope applications of ultrasound around this time. Notable achievements include work by Ian Donald in the UK, who in 1955 described a contact scanner and published B-scope images depicting a variety of anatomical regions. The systems of Donald and of Wild are said to have inspired engineers from Howry's water bath team in Colorad...Continue Reading

Citations

Aug 9, 2020·Science·Guosong Hong

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