Weak rTMS-induced electric fields produce neural entrainment in humans.

Scientific Reports
E. ZmeykinaZsolt Turi

Abstract

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potent tool for modulating endogenous oscillations in humans. The current standard method for rTMS defines the stimulation intensity based on the evoked liminal response in the visual or motor system (e.g., resting motor threshold). The key limitation of the current approach is that the magnitude of the resulting electric field remains elusive. A better characterization of the electric field strength induced by a given rTMS protocol is necessary in order to improve the understanding of the neural mechanisms of rTMS. In this study we used a novel approach, in which individualized prospective computational modeling of the induced electric field guided the choice of stimulation intensity. We consistently found that rhythmic rTMS protocols increased neural synchronization in the posterior alpha frequency band when measured simultaneously with scalp electroencephalography. We observed this effect already at electric field strengths of roughly half the lowest conventional field strength, which is 80% of the resting motor threshold. We conclude that rTMS can induce immediate electrophysiological effects at much weaker electric field strengths than previously thought.

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Citations

Oct 14, 2020·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Florian H Kasten, Christoph S Herrmann
Mar 27, 2021·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Zsolt TuriAndreas Vlachos
Jul 24, 2021·Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology·Kevin A CaulfieldMark S George
Jun 14, 2021·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Daniel M McCalley, Colleen A Hanlon

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
imaging techniques

Software Mentioned

PsychoPy
fastICA
Signal Software
SimNIBS
Matlab
Simulation of Non - invasive Brain Stimulation ( SimNIBS )
Statistical Parametric Mapping ( SPM
FieldTrip
MRIConvert
FieldTrip toolbox

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