West Nile Disease Epidemiology in North-West Africa: Bibliographical Review

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
A BenjellounB Belkadi

Abstract

West Nile fever (WNF) or West Nile disease (WND) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that can affect birds, humans and horses. West Nile virus (WNV) is a member of the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. WNV is maintained in a mosquito-bird-mosquito transmission cycle, whereas humans and horses are considered dead-end hosts. In human and horses, symptoms range from unapparent infection to mild febrile illness, meningitis, encephalitis or death. WNV has a wide geographical range that includes portions of Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia (Kunjin virus), and in North, Central and South America. Migratory birds are thought to be primarily responsible for virus dispersal, including reintroduction of WNV from endemic areas into regions that experience sporadic outbreaks (Fields Virology, 2001, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA, 1043-1125). The occurrence of disease in humans and animals along with birds and mosquitoes surveillance for WNV activity demonstrates that the virus range has dramatically expanded including North, Central and South America as well as Europe and countries facing the Mediterranean Basin. WND infection in humans has been reported in Morocco in 1996 (Virologie, 1, 1997, 248),...Continue Reading

References

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Dec 17, 2010·Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique·O BahriH Triki
Oct 18, 2011·Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique·T Ben HassineA Ghram
Jan 10, 2012·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·N TouilM El Harrak
Mar 3, 2012·Veterinary Research·Marina De FiletteNiek N Sanders
Apr 21, 2012·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Hicham El RhaffouliIdriss Lahlou-Amine
Mar 5, 2013·Preventive Veterinary Medicine·Paolo CalistriAnnamaria Conte
Mar 26, 2013·Revue Scientifique Et Technique·S PradierA Leblond

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Citations

Jan 13, 2018·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·I García-BocanegraS Lecollinet
Nov 21, 2017·Veterinary Medicine and Science·Abdennasser BenjellounBouchra Belkadi
Jul 15, 2018·Parasites & Vectors·Waidi F SuleNicholas Johnson
Apr 25, 2020·Pathogens·Ravendra P ChauhanMohamed E El Zowalaty
Nov 8, 2018·Zoonoses and Public Health·Maged G HemidaMalik Peiris
Oct 17, 2017·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·I García-BocanegraB Martínez-López
May 16, 2019·Zoonoses and Public Health·Tasnim AyadiSlaheddine Selmi
Apr 21, 2021·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·Abdelkrim OutammassineSouad Loqman
Jul 6, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Umberto MoliniNicola D'Alterio

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