West Nile Virus Activity in a Winter Roost of American Crows (Corvus brachyrhynchos): Is Bird-To-Bird Transmission Important in Persistence and Amplification?

Journal of Medical Entomology
M G HintonAndrea K Townsend

Abstract

Since its emergence in North America, West Nile virus (WNV) has had a large impact on equines, humans, and wild bird communities, yet gaps remain in our understanding of how the virus persists at temperate latitudes when winter temperatures preclude virus replication and host-seeking activity by mosquito vectors. Bird-to-bird transmission at large communal American Crow roosts could provide one mechanism for WNV persistence. Herein, we describe seasonal patterns of crow and Culex mosquito abundance, WNV infection rates, and the prevalence of WNV-positive fecal samples at a winter crow roost to test the hypothesis that bird-to-bird transmission allows WNV to persist at winter crow roosts. Samples were collected from large winter crow roosts in the Sacramento Valley of California from January 2013 until August 2014, encompassing two overwintering roost periods. West Nile virus RNA was detected in local crow carcasses in both summer [13/18 (72% WNV positive)] and winter [18/44 (41% WNV positive)] 2013-2014. Winter infections were unlikely to have arisen by recent bites from infected mosquitoes because Culex host-seeking activity was very low in winter and all Culex mosquitoes collected during winter months tested negative for WNV....Continue Reading

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Citations

May 18, 2016·Parasitology Research·Dave FreundRavinder N M Sehgal
May 14, 2017·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Melissa LundErik Hofmeister
Sep 18, 2018·Molecular Ecology·Andrea K TownsendRyane M Logsdon
Sep 25, 2019·Vaccines·Nereida Jiménez de OyaJuan-Carlos Saiz
Jan 16, 2020·Pathogens·Alex D Byas, Gregory D Ebel
Jun 25, 2019·Frontiers in Microbiology·Nereida Jiménez de OyaJuan-Carlos Saiz
Sep 25, 2020·Vaccines·Beatriz VidañaNicholas Johnson
Oct 3, 2018·Ecology and Evolution·Andrea K TownsendWalter M Boyce
Sep 25, 2019·Journal of Medical Entomology·William K Reisen, Sarah S Wheeler
Apr 19, 2018·Scientific Reports·Diego Montecino-Latorre, Christopher M Barker
Aug 6, 2021·Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A·Volker SchmidtMichael Sieg

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