West Nile virus infection in children

Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy
Luisa BarzonGiorgio Palù

Abstract

West Nile virus (WNV) is an emerging flavivirus responsible for an increasing number of outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease in North America, Europe, and neighboring countries. Almost all WNV infections in humans are transmitted through the bite of infected mosquitoes. Transmission during pregnancy and through breastfeeding has been reported, but the risk seems to be very low. West Nile disease in children is less common (1-5% of all WNV cases) and associated with milder symptoms and better outcome than in elderly individuals, even though severe neuroinvasive disease and death have been reported also among children. However, the incidence of WNV infection and disease in children is probably underestimated and the disease spectrum is not fully understood because of lack of reporting and underdiagnosis in children. Infection is diagnosed by detection of WNV-specific antibodies in serum and WNV RNA in plasma and urine. Since no effective WNV-specific drugs are available, therapy is mainly supportive.

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Citations

Nov 23, 2015·Current Opinion in Immunology·Jonathan J Miner, Michael S Diamond
Aug 24, 2016·FEMS Microbiology Letters·Luisa BarzonGiorgio Palù
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Nov 22, 2018·Italian Journal of Pediatrics·Salvatore SavastaFausto Baldanti
Aug 12, 2020·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Marion CléSara Salinas

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