PMID: 11343366May 9, 2001Paper

What can go wrong when you assume that correlated data are independent: an illustration from the evaluation of a childhood health intervention in Brazil

Statistics in Medicine
M J CannonD G Kleinbaum

Abstract

The key analytical challenge presented by longitudinal data is that observations from one individual tend to be correlated. Although longitudinal data commonly occur in medicine and public health, the issue of correlation is sometimes ignored or avoided in the analysis. If longitudinal data are modelled using regression techniques that ignore correlation, biased estimates of regression parameter variances can occur. This bias can lead to invalid inferences regarding measures of effect such as odds ratios (OR) or risk ratios (RR). Using the example of a childhood health intervention in Brazil, we illustrate how ignoring correlation leads to incorrect conclusions about the effectiveness of the intervention.

References

Oct 1, 1992·Statistics in Medicine·S L Zeger, K Y Liang
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Citations

Sep 18, 2012·Health Education & Behavior : the Official Publication of the Society for Public Health Education·Rogério M Pinto
Oct 30, 2009·BMC Health Services Research·Esther S NgadayaOdd Morkve
Sep 21, 2007·Epidemiologic Perspectives & Innovations : EP+I·Mariel M FinucaneNicholas J Horton
Mar 4, 2008·Implementation Science : IS·Paul R FalzerD Melissa Garman
Sep 4, 2012·Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment·Jeanette M TetraultLynn E Fiellin
May 6, 2008·Environment International·Joseph G AllenThomas F Webster
Feb 1, 2013·Inhalation Toxicology·Christopher J RonkDennis J Paustenbach
Nov 13, 2014·Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition·Lisa Nicole YellandMaria Makrides
Dec 6, 2014·Frontiers in Genetics·Harold T BaePaola Sebastiani
May 6, 2016·Scientific Reports·Harold BaePaola Sebastiani
May 7, 2008·Circulation·Michael P LaValley
Sep 30, 2015·Clinical Trials : Journal of the Society for Clinical Trials·Melissa C BraschelAllan Donner
Jan 12, 2017·Statistics in Medicine·Lisa N YellandKatherine J Lee
Feb 7, 2018·The British Journal of Surgery·S Dell-KusterR Rosenthal
Feb 22, 2011·Clinical Trials : Journal of the Society for Clinical Trials·Lisa N YellandCaroline O Laurence

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