What do cross-national comparisons of personality traits tell us? The case of conscientiousness

Psychological Science
Steven J HeineAra Norenzayan

Abstract

Much research contrasts self-reported personality traits across cultures. We submit that this enterprise is weakened by significant methodological problems (in particular, the reference-group effect) that undermine the validity of national averages of personality scores. In this study, behavioral and demographic predictors of conscientiousness were correlated with different cross-national measures of conscientiousness based on self-reports, peer reports, and perceptions of national character. The predictors correlated strongly with perceptions of national character, but not with self-reports and peer reports. Country-level self- and peer-report measures of conscientiousness failed as markers of between-nation differences in personality.

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Citations

Nov 5, 2013·Journal of Research in Personality·Robert R McCraeAntonio Terracciano
Jun 19, 2009·Annual Review of Psychology·Dan P McAdams, Bradley D Olson
Nov 28, 2008·Annual Review of Psychology·Steven J Heine, Emma E Buchtel
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Jun 25, 2008·The British Journal of Social Psychology·Chester Chun-Seng Kam, Michael Harris Bond
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Jun 25, 2010·Journal of Personality·Robert R McCraeUNKNOWN 42 Collaborators of the Adolescent Personality Profiles of Cultures Project
Apr 3, 2014·The Journal of Social Psychology·Jan-Erik LönnqvistMarkku Verkasalo
Jun 27, 2015·PloS One·Anne Marthe van der BlesRob R Meijer
Jan 7, 2017·Psychological Science·Wu YouyouMichal Kosinski
Jun 30, 2012·Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin·René MõttusWendy Johnson
Feb 14, 2017·PloS One·Morton Ann GernsbacherSebastian Dern
Sep 19, 2012·Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin·Victoria C PlautAlyssa S Fu
Jul 5, 2017·Journal of Mental Health·Mohammad-Naghy FarahaniBoele De Raad
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Jul 1, 2010·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Shigehiro Oishi, Ulrich Schimmack
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Jul 1, 2010·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Chi-Yue ChiuChing Wan
Jul 27, 2018·Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology·Dimitri van der LindenMichael A Woodley Of Menie
Sep 19, 2021·Journal of Personality·Salvatore GiorgiGregory Park

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