What plant hydraulics can tell us about responses to climate-change droughts.

The New Phytologist
John S Sperry, David M Love

Abstract

Climate change exposes vegetation to unusual drought, causing declines in productivity and increased mortality. Drought responses are hard to anticipate because canopy transpiration and diffusive conductance (G) respond to drying soil and vapor pressure deficit (D) in complex ways. A growing database of hydraulic traits, combined with a parsimonious theory of tree water transport and its regulation, may improve predictions of at-risk vegetation. The theory uses the physics of flow through soil and xylem to quantify how canopy water supply declines with drought and ceases by hydraulic failure. This transpiration 'supply function' is used to predict a water 'loss function' by assuming that stomatal regulation exploits transport capacity while avoiding failure. Supply-loss theory incorporates root distribution, hydraulic redistribution, cavitation vulnerability, and cavitation reversal. The theory efficiently defines stomatal responses to D, drying soil, and hydraulic vulnerability. Driving the theory with climate predicts drought-induced loss of plant hydraulic conductance (k), canopy G, carbon assimilation, and productivity. Data lead to the 'chronic stress hypothesis' wherein > 60% loss of k increases mortality by multiple mech...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 17, 2015·Plant, Cell & Environment·Stefan G SchreiberBarb R Thomas
Mar 21, 2016·Trends in Plant Science·Richard T Corlett
Sep 25, 2015·Journal of the Royal Society, Interface·Isabell GrafJohn M Stockie
Apr 14, 2016·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Timothy J BrodribbPhilippe Marmottant
Jun 23, 2016·The New Phytologist·John S SperryWilliam T Pockman
Jun 24, 2016·Global Change Biology·Alexandra G Konings, Pierre Gentine
Apr 20, 2016·Plant, Cell & Environment·Chris J BlackmanRemko A Duursma
Nov 22, 2016·The New Phytologist·Cheng-Wei HuangGabriel G Katul
Nov 20, 2016·Plant, Cell & Environment·R Brandon Pratt, Anna L Jacobsen
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Mar 13, 2018·The New Phytologist·Celia M Rodriguez-DominguezTimothy J Brodribb
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Mar 17, 2019·Plants·Mirwais M QaderiSage L Dixon
Apr 16, 2019·Global Change Biology·William R L AndereggCho-Ying Huang

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