Where in the world? Latitude, longitude and season contribute to the complex co-ordinates determining cortisol levels

Clinical Endocrinology
Narelle HadlowDavid Henley

Abstract

Cortisol is a critical stress hormone with circadian rhythms synchronized by light. There are seasonal differences in expression of pro-inflammatory genes and in some diseases moderated by glucocorticoids. As light changes with season and with latitude and longitude, we assessed changes in population cortisol associated with these parameters. Retrospective data audit. Populations across 4 states of Australia over 3 years. Serum cortisol levels, age, gender, time of collection, sunrise time, season and location were determined. In 4 geographically separate populations (n = 84 937), sunrise time and time of sample collection were the most important factors influencing median cortisol. Over 2 hours in the morning cortisol could decrease by up to 76 nmol/L, and for each hour that sunrise time advanced there was up to 6.9% increase in cortisol. A cyclic seasonal pattern of cortisol was confirmed each year in all populations with autumn/winter cortisol highest compared to spring/summer with differences of up to 44 nmol/L. There was less change in cortisol in latitudes closer to the equator but cortisol progressively increased from 25 to 30°S of the equator. In more southerly latitudes, seasonal cortisol variation also increased, and ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 19, 2019·Obesity Reviews : an Official Journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·Jennette P MorenoDebbe Thompson
Aug 27, 2019·Frontiers in Physiology·Till RoennebergElizabeth B Klerman
Jun 7, 2019·Journal of Biological Rhythms·Till RoennebergElizabeth B Klerman
Jul 25, 2019·Biology·Till RoennebergEva C Winnebeck
Sep 11, 2020·IScience·Lior MaimonUri Alon
Oct 23, 2020·Clocks & Sleep·Mirjam MünchDebra J Skene
Feb 4, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Avichai TendlerUri Alon
Feb 10, 2021·Clocks & Sleep·Mirjam MünchDebra J Skene
Jun 16, 2021·Chronobiology International·Kateřina ČervenáZdeňka Bendová
Oct 25, 2021·Journal of Pineal Research·Giulia ZerbiniEva C Winnebeck

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