Which traumatic spinal injury creates which degree of instability? A systematic quantitative review.

The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society
Christian Liebsch, Hans-Joachim Wilke

Abstract

Traumatic spinal injuries often require surgical fixation. Specific three-dimensional degrees of instability after spinal injury, which represent criteria for optimum treatment concepts, however, are still not well investigated. The aim of this review therefore was to summarize and quantify multiplanar instability increases due to spinal injury from experimental studies. Systematic review. A systematic review of the literature was performed using keyword-based search on PubMed and Web of Science databases in order to detect all in vitro studies investigating the destabilizing effect of simulated and provoked traumatic injury in human spine specimens. Together with the experimental designs, the instability parameters range of motion, neutral zone and translation were extracted from the studies and evaluated regarding type and level of injury. A total of 59 studies was included in this review, of which 43 studies investigated the effect of cervical spine injury. Range of motion increase, which was reported in 58 studies, was generally lower compared to the neutral zone increase, given in 37 studies, despite of injury type and level. Instability increases were highest in flexion/extension for most injury types, while axial rotatio...Continue Reading

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