White matter integrity of the cerebellar peduncles as a mediator of effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on eyeblink conditioning

Human Brain Mapping
Jia FanSandra W Jacobson

Abstract

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are characterized by a range of neurodevelopmental deficits that result from prenatal exposure to alcohol. These can include cognitive, behavioural, and neurological impairment, as well as structural and functional brain damage. Eyeblink conditioning (EBC) is among the most sensitive endpoints affected in FASD. The cerebellar peduncles, large bundles of myelinated nerve fibers that connect the cerebellum to the brainstem, constitute the principal white matter element of the EBC circuit. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is used to assess white matter integrity in fibre pathways linking brain regions. DTI scans of 54 children with FASD and 23 healthy controls, mean age 10.1 ± 1.0 years, from the Cape Town Longitudinal Cohort were processed using voxelwise group comparisons. Prenatal alcohol exposure was related to lower fractional anisotropy (FA) bilaterally in the superior cerebellar peduncles and higher mean diffusivity (MD) in the left middle peduncle, effects that remained significant after controlling for potential confounding variables. Lower FA and higher MD in these regions were associated with poorer EBC performance. Moreover, effects of alcohol exposure on EBC decreased significantl...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 19, 2015·Frontiers in Psychiatry·Dominic T ChengJohn E Desmond
Dec 29, 2016·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Sandra W Jacobson, Joseph L Jacobson
Mar 20, 2019·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Kaitlyn McLachlanChristian Beaulieu
Apr 22, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Xiaojie WangChristopher D Kroenke
Apr 3, 2020·Brain Structure & Function·Xiangyu LongCatherine Lebel
Jan 16, 2021·Scientific Reports·Amanda H MahnkeJoseph L Jacobson
Dec 5, 2019·NeuroImage. Clinical·Xiangyu LongCatherine Lebel
Aug 4, 2021·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Fleur L WartonErnesta M Meintjes

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