Whole Tumor Antigen Vaccines: Where Are We?

Vaccines
Cheryl Lai-Lai ChiangLana E Kandalaft

Abstract

With its vast amount of uncharacterized and characterized T cell epitopes available for activating CD4⁺ T helper and CD8⁺ cytotoxic lymphocytes simultaneously, whole tumor antigen represents an attractive alternative source of antigens as compared to tumor-derived peptides and full-length recombinant tumor proteins for dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy. Unlike defined tumor-derived peptides and proteins, whole tumor lysate therapy is applicable to all patients regardless of their HLA type. DCs are essentially the master regulators of immune response, and are the most potent antigen-presenting cell population for priming and activating naïve T cells to target tumors. Because of these unique properties, numerous DC-based immunotherapies have been initiated in the clinics. In this review, we describe the different types of whole tumor antigens that we could use to pulse DCs ex vivo and in vivo. We also discuss the different routes of delivering whole tumor antigens to DCs in vivo and activating them with toll-like receptor agonists.

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GM-CSF

Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsies
biopsy

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02287428
NCT01970358
NCT02035956
NCT01684241

Software Mentioned

SEREX

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