Why a superman cannot help a tsunami: activation of grammatical class influences resolution of young and older adults' tip-of-the-tongue states

Psychology and Aging
Lise AbramsLisa A Merrill

Abstract

Young (aged 18-23), young-old (aged 61-73), and old-old (aged 75-89) adults saw general knowledge questions whose answers were designated target words. Participants responded that they knew, did not know, or were having a tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) state for the answer. After TOT states, participants saw a 5-word list in which 1 was a "prime" containing the target's first syllable and that shared or differed in part of speech from the target. The question was then presented again, and target retrieval was attempted. Results revealed age differences in resolution of TOT states as a function of the prime's grammatical class. Following different part-of-speech primes, young and young-old adults showed increased resolution of TOT states relative to phonologically unrelated words, whereas old-old adults did not. In contrast, old-old adults demonstrated decreased resolution of TOT states following same part-of-speech primes, whereas young and young-old adults' TOT resolution was unaffected. These findings are consistent with interactive activation theories of speech production in which phonology can influence lexical selection and also suggest an increased susceptibility to phonological competitors in the later stages of the aging process.

Citations

Apr 9, 2013·Journal of Aging Studies·Sheyna S R Alterovitz, Gerald A Mendelsohn
Nov 5, 2013·Language and Cognitive Processes·Shalyn Oberle, Lori E James
Nov 30, 2013·Memory & Cognition·Julia StrandJonathon Rowe
Mar 20, 2014·Language and Cognitive Processes·Tamar H GollanSusanna Flett
Feb 25, 2014·Language and Cognitive Processes·Jean K Gordon, Jake C Kurczek
Dec 4, 2016·International Journal of Aging & Human Development·Manacy Pai, Joongbaeck Kim
Apr 3, 2019·Brain Imaging and Behavior·Sara B W Troutman, Michele T Diaz
Nov 14, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Tzu-Yu Lin, Seiichi Sakuno
Aug 3, 2018·Neuropsychologia·D Merika WilsonRosemary A Cowell

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