PMID: 9538347Apr 16, 1998Paper

Why and how to control for age in occupational epidemiology

Occupational and Environmental Medicine
D ConsonniC Zocchetti

Abstract

In occupational epidemiology, the need to consider the age factor properly influences the choice of study design and analytical techniques. In most studies, age is viewed as a potential confounder. Age is strongly associated with end points of interest in occupational epidemiology (diseases, physiological characteristics, doses of xenobiotics, etc), but to measure age as a confounder it must be associated with the exposure under study. When the exposure of interest is time related-for example, duration of employment, time since first exposure, cumulative exposure-a strong intrinsic association with age can be anticipated, and age will behave as a (usually strong) confounder. When occupational exposures without a direct relation with age-for example, job, department, type of exposure-are evaluated, the degree and direction of confounding bias cannot be anticipated. Control of the confounding effect of age can be accomplished in the design phase of a study by way of randomisation, restriction, and matching. Randomisation is seldom viable in occupational settings. Restriction is rarely used in the case of age. Matching is often used in a case-control study as a method to increase the study efficiency, but it must be followed by pr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 9, 2003·The Breast : Official Journal of the European Society of Mastology·H El-Wakeel, H C Umpleby
Feb 25, 2003·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·R McNamee
Jul 15, 2015·International Journal of Psychophysiology : Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology·Sarah L MannRichard J Contrada
May 26, 2017·The International Journal of Biostatistics·Mu Yue, Jialiang Li
Nov 15, 2018·Ciência & saúde coletiva·Daniel Marques MotaRicardo de Souza Kuchenbecker
Nov 17, 1998·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·D FishwickN Pearce
Nov 17, 1998·Occupational and Environmental Medicine·A Leclerc, A Gueguen
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Apr 4, 2003·Aging Clinical and Experimental Research·Mikkel VassNiels Keiding
Feb 12, 2005·Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association·Michelle L BellHugh Ellis
Nov 21, 2017·Statistics in Medicine·Mu YueShuangge Ma

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