Why are ACE2 binding coronavirus strains SARS-CoV/SARS-CoV-2 wild and NL63 mild?

Proteins
Puneet RawatM Michael Gromiha

Abstract

Coronaviruses are responsible for several epidemics, including the 2002 SARS, 2012 MERS, and COVID-19. The emergence of recent COVID-19 pandemic due to SARS-CoV-2 virus in December 2019 has resulted in considerable research efforts to design antiviral drugs and other therapeutics against coronaviruses. In this context, it is crucial to understand the biophysical and structural features of the major proteins that are involved in virus-host interactions. In the current study, we have compared spike proteins from three strains of coronaviruses NL63, SARS-CoV, and SARS-CoV, known to bind human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), in terms of sequence/structure conservation, hydrophobic cluster formation and importance of binding site residues. The study reveals that the severity of coronavirus strains correlates positively with the interaction area, surrounding hydrophobicity and interaction energy and inversely correlate with the flexibility of the binding interface. Also, we identify the conserved residues in the binding interface of spike proteins in all three strains. The systematic point mutations show that these conserved residues in the respective strains are evolutionarily favored at their respective positions. The simil...Continue Reading

References

Oct 19, 1978·Nature·P Manavalan, P K Ponnuswamy
Jan 20, 1995·Science·T Clackson, J A Wells
Jan 1, 1997·Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society·C J TsaiR Nussinov
May 6, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Buyong MaRuth Nussinov
Mar 17, 2004·Respirology : Official Journal of the Asian Pacific Society of Respirology·Moira Chan-Yeung, Rui-Heng Xu
Mar 23, 2004·Nature Medicine·Lia van der HoekBen Berkhout
Apr 10, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Ron A M FouchierAlbert D M E Osterhaus
May 18, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Heike HofmannStefan Pöhlmann
Aug 27, 2005·Virology Journal·Samitabh ChakrabortiDimiter S Dimitrov
Apr 18, 2006·Structure·Raik GrünbergJohan Leckner
Jul 18, 2006·Nucleic Acids Research·Vijaya ParthibanDietmar Schomburg
Jan 20, 2009·Bioinformatics·Andrew M WaterhouseGeoffrey J Barton
Nov 11, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kailang WuFang Li
Jan 19, 2013·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Kazutaka Katoh, Daron M Standley
Feb 8, 2013·Protein Science : a Publication of the Protein Society·Jieming ChenLynne Regan
Sep 13, 2016·Nature Structural & Molecular Biology·Alexandra C WallsDavid Veesler
Mar 16, 2019·Bioinformatics·Javier DelgadoLuis Serrano
Feb 23, 2020·Science·Daniel WrappJason S McLellan
Mar 11, 2020·Cell·Alexandra C WallsDavid Veesler
Apr 8, 2020·Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives·Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Fakher Rahim
May 15, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Valentyn StadnytskyiPhilip Anfinrud

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

CUPSAT
FoldX
AnalyseComplex
BuildModel
JalView
MAFFT
PyMOL

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.