PMID: 2493645Mar 1, 1989Paper

Why are blue visual pigments blue? A resonance Raman microprobe study

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
G R LoppnowR A Mathies

Abstract

A resonance Raman microscope has been developed to study the structure of the retinal prosthetic group in the visual pigments of individual photoreceptor cells. Raman vibrational spectra are obtained by focusing the probe laser on intact photoreceptors frozen on a 77 K cold stage. To elucidate the mechanism of wavelength regulation in blue visual pigments, we have used this apparatus to study the structure of the chromophore in the 440-nm absorbing pigment found in "green rods" of the toad (Bufo marinus). The 9-cis isorhodopsin form of the green rod pigment exhibits a 1662-cm-1 C = NH+ Schiff base stretching mode that shifts to 1636 cm-1 in deuterium-substituted H2O. This demonstrates that the Schiff base linkage to the protein is protonated. Protonation of the Schiff base is sufficient to explain the 440-nm absorption maximum of this pigment without invoking any additional protein-chromophore interactions. The absence of additional perturbations is supported by the observation that the ethylenic band and the perturbation-sensitive C-10-C-11 and C-14-C-15 stretching modes have the same frequency as those of the 9-cis protonated retinal Schiff base in solution. Our demonstration that a blue visual pigment contains an unperturbed...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 26, 1990·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·R R Birge
Aug 1, 1991·Current Opinion in Neurobiology·M L Applebury
Aug 4, 1999·Trends in Biochemical Sciences·G G KochendoerferR A Mathies
Nov 9, 2000·Progress in Retinal and Eye Research·T Ebrey, Y Koutalos
Nov 1, 1989·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T P SakmarH G Khorana
Apr 15, 1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T P SakmarH G Khorana
Oct 1, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J Kleinschmidt, F I Harosi
Dec 1, 1989·Photochemistry and Photobiology·T Kitagawa, A Maeda
Apr 8, 2006·Annual Review of Physical Chemistry·Paul R Carey
Aug 28, 2010·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Paul R CareyMatthew Kalp
Sep 21, 2015·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·Sundaramoorthy SrinivasanPere Garriga
Sep 12, 2013·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta·Yasushi Imamoto, Yoshinori Shichida
Sep 12, 1998·Experimental Eye Research·D M Starace, B E Knox
Sep 25, 1990·Biochemistry·G R LoppnowT Yoshizawa
Jun 23, 2020·Biochemistry·Yuki NonakaHideki Kandori

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