Wide pH range tolerance in extremophiles: towards understanding an important phenomenon for future biotechnology

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Kusum Dhakar, Anita Pandey

Abstract

Microorganisms that inhabit the extreme pH environments are classified as acidophiles and alkaliphiles. A number of studies emerged from extreme high (hot springs, hydrothermal vents) as well as low temperature (arctic and antarctic regions, sea water, ice shelf, marine sediments, cold deserts, glaciers, temperate forests, and plantations) environments have highlighted the occurrence of microorganisms (thermophiles/psychrophiles) with the ability to tolerate wide pH range, from acidic to alkaline (1.5-14.0 in some cases), under laboratory conditions. However, the sampling source (soil/sediment) of these microorganisms showed the pH to be neutral or slightly acidic/alkaline. The aim of the present review is to discuss the phenomenon of wide pH range tolerance possessed by these microorganisms as a hidden character in perspective of their habitats, possible mechanisms, phylogeny, ecological and biotechnological relevance, and future perspectives. It is believed that the genome is a probable reservoir of the hidden variations. The extremophiles have the ability to adapt against the environmental change that is probably through the expression/regulation of the specific genes that were already present in the genome. The phenomenon i...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 11, 2016·Research in Microbiology·Juan Pablo CárdenasDavid S Holmes
Sep 16, 2016·World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology·Edgardo Rubén DonatiMaría Sofía Urbieta
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Feb 23, 2020·Microorganisms·Kusum Dhakar, Anita Pandey
May 11, 2021·Astrobiology·Sanjay S LimayeMichael J Way

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