Widespread occurrence and seasonal variation of pharmaceuticals in surface waters and municipal wastewater treatment plants in central Finland

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
Petra C Lindholm-LehtoSirpa H Herve

Abstract

The presence of five selected pharmaceuticals, consisting of four anti-inflammatory drugs, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, naproxen, and an antiepileptic drug carbamazepine, was determined at four municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and in the receiving waterway in central Finland. The samples were taken from influents and effluents of the WWTPs and from surface water of six locations along the water way, including northern Lake Päijänne. In addition, seasonal variation in the area was determined by comparing the concentrations in the winter and summer. The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. The concentrations in the influents and effluents ranged from hundreds of nanogram per liter to microgram per liter while ranged from tens of nanogram per liter in northern parts of the waterway to hundreds of nanogram per liter in northern Lake Päijänne near the city area. In addition, the concentrations were higher in the winter compared to summer time in surface water due to decreased temperature and solar irradiation. On the other hand, higher concentrations of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen were found in summer at the ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 4, 2016·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Petra C Lindholm-LehtoSirpa H Herve
Aug 16, 2016·Journal of Environmental Management·E Márquez BrazónP M L Castro
Jan 21, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Carolina Aristizabal-CiroGustavo A Peñuela
Oct 1, 2017·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Heidi AhkolaTaina Nysten
May 10, 2020·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Jia LiHua Zhang
Nov 7, 2018·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Tuomas M A NurmiJuha S Knuutinen
Feb 23, 2020·Environmental Monitoring and Assessment·Arun Kumar Thalla, Adhira Shree Vannarath
Nov 19, 2018·The Science of the Total Environment·Samuel FekaduBart Van der Bruggen
Oct 16, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·Ingus PerkonsVadims Bartkevics
Dec 18, 2020·The Science of the Total Environment·João BarbosaJana Asselman
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Mar 15, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Emma Wolff, Michelle T H van Vliet

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