Wild birds as reservoirs for diverse and abundant gamma- and deltacoronaviruses

FEMS Microbiology Reviews
Michelle Wille, Edward C Holmes

Abstract

Wild birds interconnect all parts of the globe through annual cycles of migration with little respect for country or continental borders. Although wild birds are reservoir hosts for a high diversity of gamma- and deltacoronaviruses, we have little understanding of the ecology or evolution of any of these viruses. In this review, we use genome sequence and ecological data to disentangle the evolution of coronaviruses in wild birds. Specifically, we explore host range at the levels of viral genus and species, and reveal the multi-host nature of many viral species, albeit with biases to certain types of avian host. We conclude that it is currently challenging to infer viral ecology due to major sampling and technical limitations, and suggest that improved assay performance across the breadth of gamma- and deltacoronaviruses, assay standardization, as well as better sequencing approaches, will improve both the repeatability and interpretation of results. Finally, we discuss cross-species virus transmission across both the wild bird - poultry interface as well as from birds to mammals. Clarifying the ecology and diversity in the wild bird reservoir has important ramifications for our ability to respond to the likely future emergence...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 27, 2020·Microorganisms·Souvik Ghosh, Yashpal S Malik
Mar 9, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Anastasia N VlasovaLinda J Saif
Mar 18, 2021·Microbial Pathogenesis·Behnaz BakhshandehMaryam Zamani
Jun 16, 2021·Avian Pathology : Journal of the W.V.P.A·José A QuinterosGlenn F Browning
Jun 29, 2021·Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases·Zongxi HanShengwang Liu
Jul 3, 2021·Viruses·Yulia VakulenkoAlexander Lukashev
May 22, 2021·Journal of Wildlife Diseases·Kobey KaramendinSasan Fereidouni
Aug 29, 2021·Viruses·Katarzyna Domańska-BlicharzAnna Pikuła
Jan 26, 2021·Annual Review of Microbiology·To Sing Fung, Ding Xiang Liu

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCRs
ELISA
PCR

Software Mentioned

TrimAL
IQ
MAFFT
TREE

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