Will converting naloxone to over-the-counter status increase pharmacy sales?

Health Services Research
Sean M MurphyBruce R Schackman

Abstract

To estimate the own-price elasticity of demand for naloxone, a prescription medication that can counter the effects of an opioid overdose, and predict the change in pharmacy sales following a conversion to over-the-counter status. The primary data source was a nationwide prescription claims dataset for 2010-2017. The data cover 80 percent of US retail pharmacies and account for roughly 90 percent of prescriptions filled. Additional covariates were obtained from various secondary data sources. We estimated a longitudinal, simultaneous equation model of naloxone supply and demand. Our primary variables of interest were the quantity of naloxone sold, measured as total milligrams sold at pharmacies, and the out-of-pocket price paid per milligram, both measured per ZIP Code and quarter-year. Primary data came directly from payers and processors of prescription drug claims. We found that, on average, a 1 percent increase in the out-of-pocket price paid for naloxone would result in a 0.27 percent decrease in pharmacy sales. We predict that the total quantity of naloxone sold in pharmacies would increase 15 percent to 179 percent following conversion to over-the-counter status. Naloxone is own-price inelastic, and conversion to over-th...Continue Reading

References

Jul 12, 2002·Health Economics·Theodore E KeelerHai-Yen Sung
Aug 21, 2002·The Journal of Rural Health : Official Journal of the American Rural Health Association and the National Rural Health Care Association·Michelle M CaseyIra Moscovice
Nov 26, 2002·The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry·William H CrownJames M Russell
May 15, 2003·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·John A Tauras, Frank J Chaloupka
Apr 11, 2006·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Laura A Mahecha
Jan 12, 2011·Statistical Methods in Medical Research·Shaun R Seaman, Ian R White
Jan 29, 2011·The Lancet Infectious Diseases
Oct 30, 2014·Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy : JMCP·Justin GatwoodA Mark Fendrick
Aug 8, 2015·Harm Reduction Journal·Traci C GreenAlexander Y Walley
May 11, 2016·Substance Abuse : Official Publication of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse·Amy BachyryczLudmila N Bakhireva
Sep 7, 2016·Consciousness and Cognition·Elizabeth F Chua, Eliza Bliss-Moreau
Dec 14, 2016·The New England Journal of Medicine·Ravi GuptaJoseph S Ross
Feb 19, 2017·Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA·Traci C GreenJeffrey Bratberg
Jun 20, 2018·Addictive Behaviors·Matthew RosenbergAndreas Schick
Dec 18, 2018·Annals of Internal Medicine·Robert M Centor, Maria Maldonado

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 11, 2019·Journal of General Internal Medicine·Lewei Allison LinAmy S B Bohnert
Feb 6, 2020·Molecular Psychiatry·Nora D Volkow, Carlos Blanco
Feb 25, 2021·Integrated Pharmacy Research & Practice·Kirk E EvoyCorey S Davis
Nov 27, 2019·Preventive Medicine·Corey S Davis, Derek Carr

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
pharmacotherapy

Software Mentioned

GSEM
Symphony
Stata

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.