Withdrawal: Expanding a Key Addiction Construct

Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
Megan E Piper

Abstract

Withdrawal is an essential component of classical addiction theory; it is a vital manifestation of dependence and motivates relapse. However, the traditional conceptualization of withdrawal as a cohesive collection of symptoms that emerge during drug deprivation and decline with either the passage of time or reinstatement of drug use, may be inadequate to explain scientific findings or fit with modern theories of addiction. This article expands the current understanding of tobacco withdrawal by examining: (1) withdrawal variability; (2) underlying causes of withdrawal variability, including biological and person factors, environmental influences, and the influence of highly routinized behavioral patterns; (3) new withdrawal symptoms that allow for enhanced characterization of the withdrawal experience; and (4) withdrawal-related cognitive processes. These topics provide guidance regarding the optimal assessment of withdrawal and illustrate the potential impact modern withdrawal conceptualization and assessment could have on identifying treatment targets.

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Citations

Jan 29, 2016·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Suzanne van de NobelenReinskje Talhout
Nov 14, 2015·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology·Michael A Sayette
Feb 16, 2017·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Peter S HendricksKathleen F Harrington
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Dec 15, 2018·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Nancy C JaoBrian Hitsman
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Jun 5, 2021·Nicotine & Tobacco Research : Official Journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco·Nancy C JaoBrian Hitsman

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