Withdrawal from alcohol in withdrawal seizure-prone and -resistant mice: evidence for enkephalin resistance

Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behavior
S R PlotkinA J Kastin

Abstract

Methionine enkephalin (Met-enkephalin) functions as an endogenous anticonvulsant. Peptide transport system-1 (PTS-1) is an important regulator of Met-enkephalin levels in brain and transports the peptide from brain to blood. In outbred mice, alcohol dependence is associated with decreased PTS-1 activity and increased levels of Met-enkephalin. In contrast, alcohol withdrawal is associated with recovery of PTS-1 activity, decreased levels of Met-enkephalin, and seizures. In this study, we examined the PTS-1/Met-enkephalin system in two replicates of withdrawal seizure-resistant (WSR) and withdrawal seizure-prone (WSP) mouse lines. We measured levels of preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA and Met-enkephalin peptide in brain and the activity of PTS-1 during alcohol-naive, -dependent, and -withdrawal states. In alcohol-naive animals, Met-enkephalin levels were higher in WSP than in WSR mice. In alcohol-withdrawal animals, Met-enkephalin levels remained elevated in WSP mice, whereas they increased in WSR mice. Peptide levels were unrelated to levels of PPE mRNA or activity of PTS-1. Factorial analysis showed that proneness to seizures was genetically linked to Met-enkephalin levels in alcohol-naive, -dependent, and -withdrawing mice but not ...Continue Reading

References

Dec 1, 1991·Brain Research Bulletin·V K PatelG A Tejwani
Jan 1, 1991·Biology of the Neonate·A M MartinezS L Thio
Feb 1, 1991·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·E M Vavrousek-JakubaW J Shoemaker
Apr 1, 1990·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·J C CrabbeJ K Belknap
Sep 15, 1989·Experientia·T J PhillipsJ C Crabbe
Mar 1, 1983·Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism : Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·R G BlasbergC S Patlak
Jun 17, 1994·Science·J C CrabbeK J Buck
Mar 1, 1993·Behavior Genetics·J C Crabbe, T J Phillips
Aug 19, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·G BingJ S Hong

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 7, 2004·Peptides·William A BanksMichael L Niehoff
Jul 30, 2002·European Journal of Pharmacology·Gábor L KovácsIstván Tegyei
Jan 22, 2003·Peptides·Richard J Bodnar, Maria M Hadjimarkou
Apr 19, 2008·Journal of Applied Physiology·Bradley T Thach
May 2, 2008·American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology·Jessica B BuchananEvelyn Satinoff

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.