PMID: 9430163Jan 16, 1998Paper

Women and HIV. Epidemiology and global overview

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
Mary Glenn FowlerB J Mathieson

Abstract

The global HIV-1 epidemic in women continues to expand at an alarming rate. More than 11 million women are currently estimated to be HIV-infected, with the majority living in sub-Saharan Africa. The primary risk factor for HIV infection in women is unprotected heterosexual intercourse. Several cofactors may influence a woman's risk for HIV acquisition. These include the presence of other STDs, the prevalence of HIV in the population, engagement in high-risk sexual behaviors at a young age, an increased number of sexual partners, HIV illness severity in an infected partner, host immunogenetic responses, hormonal and other local effects in the female genital tract, and viral characteristics. The general clinical findings in women with HIV disease are similar to those in HIV-infected men. Some studies have noted higher rates of esophageal candidiasis and decreased rates of Kaposi's sarcoma in women when compared with men. Overall disease progression and survival in women and men are similar once an adjustment is made for other important risk factors such as the time of seroconversion, the receipt of antiretrovirals, and baseline CD4 cell counts. Women with HIV have a high frequency of a number of diseases of the reproductive tract...Continue Reading

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