PMID: 11934187Apr 6, 2002Paper

Women's health issues and their relationship to periodontitis

The Journal of the American Dental Association
Charlene B Krejci, Nabil F Bissada

Abstract

The emergence of sex-specific associations between periodontitis and certain systemic disorders has prompted researchers to investigate the possibility of associations between periodontitis and specific women's health issues. The authors review the potential relationships between periodontitis and hormonal changes and their ramifications in regard to pregnancy outcomes, cardiovascular disease, or CVD, and osteoporosis. Changes in hormone levels, such as those that occur during puberty, pregnancy, menstruation and menopause, as well as those that occur with the use of hormonal supplements, have long been associated with the development of gingivitis. Furthermore, bacterial anaerobes have been found to change during the normal hormonal cycle. In periodontitis, the inflammatory response results in ulceration of the gingivae and the subsequent entry of bacterial cells, bacterial products, peptidoglycan fragments and hydrolytic enzymes into the systemic circulation. The result is a systemic response of increased cytokines and biological mediators, as well as increased levels of serum antibodies. Some researchers have found that pregnant women with periodontitis were 7.5 times more likely to have a preterm low-birth-weight infant tha...Continue Reading

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