World Trade Center fine particulate matter--chemistry and toxic respiratory effects: an overview

Environmental Health Perspectives
Stephen H Gavett

Abstract

The 11 September 2001 terrorist attack on New York City's World Trade Center (WTC) caused an unprecedented environmental emergency. The collapse of the towers sent a tremendous cloud of crushed building materials and other pollutants into the air of lower Manhattan. In response to the calamity, federal, state, and city environmental authorities and research institutes devoted enormous resources to evaluate the impact of WTC-derived air pollution on public health. Unfortunately, on the day of the disaster, no air-sampling monitors were operating close to the WTC site to characterize and quantify pollutants in the dust cloud. However, analysis of fallen dust samples collected 5 and 6 days after the attack showed that 1-4% by weight consisted of particles small enough to be respirable (Lioy et al. 2002). These particles included fine particulate matter, or PM(subscript)2.5(/subscript) [PM < 2.5 micro m mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD)], which can be inhaled deep into the lung and is associated with cardiovascular and respiratory health effects. Because of the extremely high concentrations of dust immediately after the collapse of the towers, even a relatively small proportion of PM(subscript)2.5(/subscript) in the dust clou...Continue Reading

References

Jun 5, 2003·Environmental Health Perspectives·John K McGeeStephen H Gavett
Jun 5, 2003·Environmental Health Perspectives·Stephen H GavettDaniel L Costa

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Citations

Dec 18, 2018·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Judith M GraberIris G Udasin
Nov 14, 2013·Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology·Joshua M VaughanMitchell D Cohen
Sep 8, 2010·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Raghunathan RavikrishnaJohn H Pardue
Jul 17, 2018·Annals of Behavioral Medicine : a Publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine·Monika A WaszczukRoman Kotov
Oct 12, 2019·Journal of Translational Medicine·Wil Lieberman-CribbinEmanuela Taioli
Aug 2, 2007·Critical Care Medicine·Andy Johnston
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Nedim DurmusJoan Reibman
Apr 6, 2021·Alzheimer's & Dementia : Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring·Yael DeriBenjamin J Luft

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