Worldwide Distribution of Novel Perfluoroether Carboxylic and Sulfonic Acids in Surface Water

Environmental Science & Technology
Yitao PanJiayin Dai

Abstract

Driven by increasingly stringent restrictions on long-chain per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), novel fluorinated compounds have emerged on the market. Here we report on the occurrences of several perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic and sulfonic acids (PFECAs and PFESAs), including hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer and trimer acids (HFPO-DA and HFPO-TA), ammonium 4,8-dioxa-3 H-perfluorononanoate (ADONA), chlorinated polyfluorinated ether sulfonic acid (6:2 Cl-PFESA), and its hydrogen-substituted analogue (6:2 H-PFESA) in surface waters from China ( n = 106), the United States ( n = 12), the United Kingdom ( n = 6), Sweden ( n = 10), Germany ( n = 14), The Netherlands ( n = 6), and Korea ( n = 6). Results showed that HFPO-DA, HFPO-TA, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA (median = 0.95, 0.21, and 0.31 ng/L, respectively) were frequently detected in all countries, indicating ubiquitous dispersal and distribution in global surface waters. The presence of 6:2 H-PFESA was widely detected in China (detection rate > 95%) but not in any other country. Only trace levels of ADONA (0.013-1.5 ng/L) were detected in the Rhine River flowing through Germany. The estimated total riverine mass discharges of HFPO-DA, HFPO-TA, and ΣPFESAs reached 2.6, 6.0, and 4....Continue Reading

References

Jul 28, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Erika F HoutzDavid L Sedlak
Jul 2, 2014·The Science of the Total Environment·Chang-Gui PanQian-Qian Zhang
Jun 5, 2015·Environmental Science & Technology·Katie C Harding-MarjanovicLisa Alvarez-Cohen
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Citations

Sep 18, 2020·Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management·A Ronald MacGillivray
Nov 18, 2020·Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry·Amila O De SilvaElsie M Sunderland
Feb 3, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Weilan ZhangYanna Liang
Jan 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Richard A BraseDavid C Spink
Mar 2, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Derek Muir, Luc T Miaz
May 4, 2020·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Jenny E ZenobioLinda S Lee
Jul 8, 2019·Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety·Yu WangPeifeng Li
May 4, 2021·Environment International·Jianping CongGuang-Hui Dong
May 7, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Bentuo XuWenhui Qiu

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