Xanthone-rich extract from Gentiana dinarica transformed roots and its active component norswertianin induce autophagy and ROS-dependent differentiation of human glioblastoma cell line

Phytomedicine : International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology
Gordana Tovilovic-KovacevicNevena Zogovic

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GMB) is the most malignant of all brain tumors with poor prognosis. Anticancer potential of xanthones, bioactive compounds found in Gentiana dinarica, is well-documented. Transformation of G. dinarica roots with Agrobacterium rhizogenes provides higher xanthones accumulation, which enables better exploitation of these anticancer compounds. The aim of this study was to investigate antiglioma effect of three different G. dinarica extracts: E1-derived from untransformed roots, E2-derived from roots transformed using A. rhizogenes strain A4M70GUS, and E3-derived from roots transformed using A. rhizogenes strain 15834/PI. Further, mechanisms involved in anticancer potential of the most potent extract were examined in detail, and its active component was determined. The cell viability was assessed using MTT and crystal violet test. Cell cycle analysis, the expression of differentiation markers, the levels of autophagy, and oxidative stress were analyzed by flow cytometry. Autophagy and related signaling pathways were assessed by immunoblotting. E3, in contrast to E1 and E2, strongly reduced growth of U251 human glioblastoma cells, triggered cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, changed cellular morphology, and inc...Continue Reading

Citations

Sep 16, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Monica BenvenutoRoberto Bei
Dec 2, 2019·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·Jun-Ling Wang, Chao-Jin Xu
Jun 8, 2021·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Sajad FakhriHaroon Khan
Aug 29, 2021·Plants·Branka VinterhalterDijana Krstić-Milošević

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