Xanthurenic acid distribution, transport, accumulation and release in the rat brain

Journal of Neurochemistry
Serge GobailleMichel Maitre

Abstract

Tryptophan metabolism through the kynurenine pathway leads to several neuroactive compounds, including kynurenic and picolinic acids. Xanthurenic acid (Xa) has been generally considered as a substance with no physiological role but possessing toxic and apoptotic properties. In the present work, we present several findings which support a physiological role for endogenous Xa in synaptic signalling in brain. This substance is present in micromolar amounts in most regions of the rat brain with a heterogeneous distribution. An active vesicular synaptic process inhibited by bafilomycin and nigericin accumulates xanthurenate into pre-synaptic terminals. A neuronal transport, partially dependant on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), sodium and chloride ions exists in NCB-20 neurons which could participate in the clearance of extracellular xanthurenate. Both transports (neuronal and vesicular) are greatly enhanced by the presence of micromolar amounts of zinc ions. Finally, electrical in vivo stimulation of A10-induced Xa release in the extracellular spaces of the rat prefrontal cortex. This phenomenon is reproduced by veratrine, K+ ions and blocked by EGTA and tetrodotoxin. These results strongly argue for a role for Xa in neurotransmis...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 7, 2011·Journal of Neural Transmission·Arpád PárdutzLászló Vécsei
Mar 20, 2012·Journal of Neural Transmission·J TajtiL Vécsei
Jan 11, 2013·Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·S A NealeT E Salt
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