Xenoantibodies and complement activity determinations in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation

Methods in Molecular Biology
N Doménech

Abstract

Based on the results from different studies, it is recommended to use multiple assays to fully monitor a peripheral antibody response in recipients of pig xenografts. In particular, the complement-dependent hemolytic assay (CH50) determines total endogenous complement activity; the cytolytic activity of anti-pig antibodies (APA) is also measured by hemolytic assay; an ELISA is used for quantification of anti-galactose α1,3galactose (Gal) IgG and IgM antibodies and flow cytometry for determining the antiendothelial cell (anti-EC) antibodies. The APA is recommended because this assay measures cytolytic antibodies unlike the other assays which are binding assays. The anti-Gal ELISA is especially useful as it specifically quantifies antibodies against the major xenoantigen in the pig-to-primate transplant combination. Thus, it provides different information than the APA assay and is particularly useful to follow up treatment modalities aimed at blocking/inhibiting the anti-Gal antibodies. Finally, the anti-EC assay measures IgG and/or IgM antibodies reactive to Gal and non-Gal antigens expressed on endothelial cells. This information is key for understanding the rejection process of vascularized xenografts and finding strategies to...Continue Reading

Citations

Oct 16, 2013·Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation·Santosh NagarajuDavid K C Cooper

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.