Xerophthalmia and anterior-segment blindness among preschool-age children in El Salvador

American Journal of Ophthalmology
A SommerG Faich

Abstract

A countrywide prevalence survey of 9,508 children was conducted in El Salvador to determine the prevalence of anterior-segment abnormalities and magnitude of clinical vitamin A deficiency. Thirty-six children had corneal opacities, 56% of them secondary to trauma. Such traumatic corneal opacities were 19 times more frequent among urban than rural children, 57.6 vs. 3.1 per 1,000. Keratomalacia accounted for only 8% of all corneal opacities, and for one (and possibly two) of the five cases of bilateral anterior-segment blindness encountered. The prevalance of Bitot spots and vitamin-A-related corneal opacities was 5.3 and 3.2 per 10,000, respectively. There are an estimated 43 new surviving cases of vitamin-A-related corneal opacities in the country each year, one third of which result in bilateral blindness. Fifteen percent of all children examined had grossly purulent conjunctivitis.

References

Dec 1, 1975·American Journal of Ophthalmology·A SommerJ Quesada
Jun 13, 1970·British Medical Journal·D S McLaren

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Citations

Aug 1, 1980·American Journal of Ophthalmology·N Emran, S Tjakrasudjatma
Oct 15, 1990·American Journal of Ophthalmology·R D SembaA Sommer
Mar 5, 2004·Survey of Ophthalmology·Richard D Semba, Martin W Bloem
Nov 26, 2010·Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology·N Gupta, P D'souza
Nov 1, 1979·Survey of Ophthalmology·C S Hoyt
Apr 1, 1985·The British Journal of Ophthalmology·K F Tabbara, I A Badr
Nov 25, 1981·Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology·N W Dekkers
Sep 24, 2020·Annual Review of Nutrition·Alfred Sommer
Mar 21, 2009·Survey of Ophthalmology·M VanathiTanuj Dada

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