Xist drives spatial compartmentalization of DNA and protein to orchestrate initiation and maintenance of X inactivation

Current Opinion in Cell Biology
Mackenzie Strehle, Mitchell Guttman

Abstract

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is the process whereby one of the X chromosomes in female mammalian cells is silenced to equalize X-linked gene expression with males. XCI depends on the long noncoding RNA Xist, which coats the inactive X chromosome in cis and triggers a cascade of events that ultimately lead to chromosome-wide transcriptional silencing that is stable for the lifetime of an organism. In recent years, the discovery of proteins that interact with Xist have led to new insights into how the initiation of XCI occurs. Nevertheless, there are still various unknowns about the mechanisms by which Xist orchestrates and maintains stable X-linked silencing. Here, we review recent work elucidating the role of Xist and its protein partners in mediating chromosome-wide transcriptional repression, as well as discuss a model by which Xist may compartmentalize proteins across the inactive X chromosome to enable both the initiation and maintenance of XCI.

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Citations

Nov 10, 2020·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Johannes Graf, Markus Kretz
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Genetics·Jörg MorfPaulo P Amaral
Mar 23, 2021·PLoS Genetics·Thomas Dixon-McDougall, Carolyn J Brown
Apr 30, 2021·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Bianca Pereira FavillaMaria Isabel Melaragno
Dec 29, 2020·Current Opinion in Cell Biology·Jeffrey Boeren, Joost Gribnau
Jun 29, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Wenlun WangLingyun Zhu
Aug 4, 2021·Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology·Prashant BhatMitchell Guttman
Oct 2, 2021·Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online·Yongjiang QianLihua Li
Oct 12, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Vasco M BarretoAnne-Valerie Gendrel
Nov 26, 2021·Biochemical Society Transactions·Alessandra Spaziano, Dr Irene Cantone

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