Young dispersal of xerophil Nitraria lineages in intercontinental disjunctions of the Old World

Scientific Reports
Ming-Li ZhangXi Chen

Abstract

Many cases of intercontinental disjunct distributions of seed plants have been investigated, however few have concerned the continents of Eurasia (mainly Central Asia), Africa, and Australia, especially the xerophytic lineages are lacking. Nitraria (Nitrariaceae) is just one of these xerophytic lineages. Previous Nitraria studies have hypothesized either Africa as the ancient center, with dispersals to Australia and Eurasia, or alternatively Central Asia, due to a concentration of endemism and diversity there. Our findings show eastern Central Asia, i.e. the eastern Tethys, to be the correct place of origin. Dispersal westward to Africa occurred during the late Oligocene to Pliocene, whereas dispersal to Australia from western Central Asia was young since Pliocene 2.61 Ma. Two related tetraploids are indicated to have diversified in eastern Central Asia at approximately 5.89 Ma, while the Australian tetraploid N. billardieri, is an independently derived, recent dispersal from western Central Asia.

References

Feb 25, 2000·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·P F BattleyK Hulsman
Oct 30, 2001·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·S Magallón, M J Sanderson
Jan 22, 2004·Bioinformatics·Emmanuel ParadisKorbinian Strimmer
Jan 1, 2009·American Journal of Botany·Susana Magallón, Amanda Castillo
May 3, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Kangshan MaoSusanne S Renner
May 21, 2014·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Ling-Yun ChenMichael L Moody
Jun 7, 2014·PloS One·Ming-Li ZhangStewart C Sanderson

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Citations

Jun 29, 2016·Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society·Sara ManafzadehElena Conti

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Software Mentioned

Langrage
R package APE
chromEvol
BEAST
LogCombiner
Lagrange
RASP
TreeAnnotator

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