Z and W sex chromosomes in the cane toad (Bufo marinus).

Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology
John AbramyanPeter Koopman

Abstract

The cane toad (Bufo marinus) is one of the most notorious animal pests encountered in Australia. Members of the genus Bufo historically have been regarded as having genotypic sex determination with male homogamety/female heterogamety. Nevertheless, as with many toads, karyotypic analyses of the cane toad have so far failed to identify heteromorphics sex chromosomes. In this study, we used comparative genomic hybridization, reverse fluorescence staining, C-banding, and morphometric analyses of chromosomes to characterize sex chromosome dimorphism in B. marinus. We found that females consistently had a length dimorphism associated with a nucleolus organizer region (NOR) on one of the chromosome 7 pair. A strong signal over the longer NOR in females, and the absence of a signal in males indicated sex-specific DNA sequences. All females were heterozygous and all males homozygous, indicating a ZZ/ZW sex chromosomal system. Our study confirms the existence of sex chromosomes in this species. The ability to reliably identify genotypic sex of cane toads will be of value in monitoring and control efforts in Australia and abroad.

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Citations

Mar 21, 2013·Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology·Daleen BadenhorstNicole Valenzuela
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Jun 18, 2017·Biological Invasions·Tim Harvey-SamuelLuke Alphey
Oct 6, 2020·Evolution Letters·Christophe DufresnesDaniel L Jeffries
Jun 10, 2021·Anais Da Academia Brasileira De Ciências·Rosio G SchneiderDiego Baldo

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