Zika Virus: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis and Human Disease

The American Journal of the Medical Sciences
Elizabeth K NugentKenneth Nugent

Abstract

The Zika virus is a positive sense, single-stranded RNA arbovirus in the Flaviviridae family, genus Flavivirus. This virus was initially isolated in Africa and is transmitted to nonhuman primates and humans by mosquitoes. Initial reports describe sporadic mild viral infection with fever, arthralgia, myalgia and conjunctivitis in Africa and Asia. However, its geographic distribution has significantly increased, and it has caused large outbreaks in the Yap Islands in 2007, in French Polynesia in 2013 and in Brazil in 2015. Multiple cases of Guillain-Barre´ syndrome occurred in French Polynesia and Columbia during outbreaks, and infections in pregnant women in Brazil have been associated with microcephaly and fetal loss. The viremic phase in humans is short, and diagnosis usually depends on positive immunoglobulin M titers with serum neutralization tests for confirmation. Treatment is directed at symptoms; there are no antiviral drugs available. Transmission can also occur through sexual contact with infected men and through blood transfusion. Prevention is important in women and includes limiting travel to endemic areas when possible, control of mosquito populations and condom use when appropriate. The Centers for Disease Control...Continue Reading

Citations

Dec 15, 2017·The Journal of General Virology·Joanna ZmurkoReginald F Clayton
Oct 20, 2018·Pediatric Transplantation·Megan Culler FreemanLaurie A Silva
Feb 22, 2018·BMC Neuroscience·Michal StefanikDaniel Ruzek
Feb 24, 2018·Parasites & Vectors·João Silveira Moledo GestoLuciano Andrade Moreira
Apr 6, 2019·Journal of Medical Entomology·David BradtBruce H Noden
May 16, 2019·Journal of Medical Virology·Giulietta VenturiJaneusa Rita Leite Primo Chagas
May 1, 2018·Proceedings·Connie NugentKenneth Nugent
Aug 2, 2018·Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling·Parinya SuparitCharin Modchang
Jun 16, 2021·The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care : the Official Journal of the European Society of Contraception·Benjamin FreedJulia Gauly
Jul 13, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Zulqarnain BalochXueshan Xia

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