Zinc ions upregulate the hormone gastrin via an E-box motif in the proximal gastrin promoter

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology
Lin XiaoOneel Patel

Abstract

Gastrin and its precursors act as growth factors for the normal and neoplastic gastrointestinal mucosa. As the hypoxia mimetic cobalt chloride upregulates the gastrin gene, the effect of other metal ions on gastrin promoter activity was investigated. Gastrin mRNA was measured by real-time PCR, gastrin peptides by RIA, and gastrin promoter activity by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Exposure to Zn(2)(+) ions increased gastrin mRNA concentrations in the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS in a dose-dependent manner, with a maximum stimulation of 55 ± 14-fold at 100 μM (P<0.05). Significant stimulation was also observed with Cd(2)(+) and Cu(2)(+), but not with Ca(2)(+), Mg(2)(+), Ni(2)(+), or Fe(3)(+) ions. Activation of MAPK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathways is necessary but not sufficient for gastrin induction by Zn(2)(+). Deletional mutation of the gastrin promoter identified an 11 bp DNA sequence, which contained an E-box motif, as necessary for Zn(2)(+)-dependent gastrin induction. The fact that E-box binding transcription factors play a crucial role in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), together with our observation that Zn(2)(+) ions upregulate the gastrin gene in AGS cells by an E-box-dependent me...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 30, 2014·Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology : Organ of the Society for Minerals and Trace Elements (GMS)·Nicholas H McCormickShannon L Kelleher
Sep 26, 2015·Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science·Kathryn M MarshallOneel Patel
Sep 12, 2014·Current Opinion in Gastroenterology·Mitchell L Schubert
Oct 3, 2018·Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science·Michael J StevensonMarie C Heffern
Jul 6, 2018·Biometals : an International Journal on the Role of Metal Ions in Biology, Biochemistry, and Medicine·Dermot O'KaneOneel Patel
Jun 18, 2019·Metallomics : Integrated Biometal Science·Joseph IschiaOneel Patel

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