Zip code-level risk factors for tuberculosis: neighborhood environment and residential segregation in New Jersey, 1985-1992

American Journal of Public Health
D Acevedo-Garcia

Abstract

This study examined zip code-level risk factors associated with very high tuberculosis (TB) rates among non-Hispanic Whites, African Americans, Hispanics, and Asians in New Jersey (1985-1992). Exposure indices (poverty, crowded housing, and dilapidated housing) and segregation indices (contact with immigrants, isolation, and density) were used to characterize zip codes. A Boolean-logic methodology was used to determine which configurations of risk factors significantly distinguish zip codes where TB rates are very high from other zip codes. For Whites and Asians, risk factors were rare in zip codes with very high TB rates. In agreement with the distribution of TB cases by age and foreign-born status, this suggests that cases among Whites may be caused by reactivation, whereas cases among Asians may be imported. In contrast, Hispanics and African Americans were exposed to risk factors that may facilitate TB transmission. Among Hispanics, high contact with immigrants was an important factor. African Americans were the group most frequently exposed to multiple risk factors. For Hispanics and African Americans, zip code-level risk factors were associated with very high TB rates.

References

Jan 1, 1990·Social Science & Medicine·D Wallace
Jul 27, 1995·The New England Journal of Medicine·S E KlineS F Davies
Jun 11, 1994·Lancet·E DruckerB Sckell
Aug 17, 1994·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·M F CantwellI M Onorato
Sep 25, 1993·BMJ : British Medical Journal·D P SpenceP D Davies
May 1, 1998·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·M F CantwellI M Onorato
Aug 5, 1999·American Journal of Public Health·J S Koopman, J W Lynch
Oct 19, 2000·Social Science & Medicine·D Acevedo-Garcia

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 1, 2006·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Victoria FryeDavid Vlahov
Jan 18, 2007·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Janice F BellColleen E Huebner
Nov 14, 2007·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·Thomas LaVeistDorothy Browne
Jan 1, 2010·Journal of Poverty·Maria Lopez-Class, Akiko S Hosler
Dec 11, 2002·Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine·David Vlahov, Sandro Galea
May 17, 2013·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·River A PugsleyKate L Lapane
May 7, 2010·Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health·Sara N BleichThomas A Laveist
Sep 7, 2006·Annual Review of Psychology·Vickie M MaysNamdi W Barnes
May 23, 2009·Medical Care Research and Review : MCRR·Darrell J GaskinThomas A Laveist
Oct 14, 2004·International Journal of Health Geographics·Patrick K MoonanStephen E Weis
Dec 15, 2006·International Journal of Health Geographics·Tony H Grubesic, Timothy C Matisziw
Jun 15, 2010·International Journal of Health Geographics·Michael R KramerCarol R Hogue
Jul 1, 2010·International Journal of Health Geographics·Simone M SantosGuilherme Loureiro Werneck
May 24, 2007·Environmental Health Perspectives·Peter L DeFurDavid R Williams
Mar 23, 2011·American Journal of Public Health·Nina B WallersteinS Leonard Syme
May 14, 2011·American Journal of Public Health·Eyal OrenMasahiro Narita
May 19, 2012·American Journal of Public Health·Katie B BielloLinda Niccolai
Dec 1, 2004·American Journal of Public Health·Margaret O'Brien CaughyCarles Muntaner
Feb 2, 2006·American Journal of Public Health·Paul OngDouglas Houston
Nov 2, 2006·American Journal of Public Health·Hannah L F CooperRisa Friedman
Nov 6, 2003·American Journal of Public Health·Melbourne F HovellAlicia Y Vera
Jan 30, 2003·American Journal of Public Health·Dolores Acevedo-GarciaS V Subramanian
Oct 21, 2009·American Journal of Preventive Medicine·Irene H YenLeslie Perdue
Dec 23, 2015·American Journal of Public Health·Patrick DawsonShama D Ahuja
Jan 22, 2009·Social Science & Medicine·Mark Edward Votruba, Jeffrey R Kling
Nov 27, 2007·Health & Place·Vincent LorantIsabelle Thomas
Jan 20, 2004·Health Services Research·Marianne M HillemeierMichele Casper
Apr 25, 2012·Health Services Research·Darrell J GaskinRachael R McCleary
Mar 24, 2010·The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, New York·Lynne D Richardson, Marlaina Norris
Feb 17, 2006·Social Science & Medicine·Ian WanyekiKevin Schwartzman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.